经济学代考:Introduction To Strategic Thinking ECON2070

战略思维只是一个有意和理性的思维过程,专注于分析将影响企业、团队或个人长期成功的关键因素和变量。

战略思维包括仔细和深思熟虑地预测要防范的威胁和漏洞以及追求的机会。最终,战略思维和分析会导致在竞争激烈、不断变化的环境中生存和发展所需的一套清晰的目标、计划和新想法。这种思维必须考虑经济现实、市场力量和可用资源。

为什么战略思维很重要?

任何组织的竞争格局都会迅速改变。新趋势可能会迅速出现,需要您利用它们或落后。通过将日常战略思维融入您的工作和生活常规中,您将更加熟练地预测、预测和利用机会。

在个人层面上,战略性思考可以让你在你的角色中做出更大的贡献,对你的组织变得更加重要,并证明你已经准备好控制更多的资源。

战略思维的组成部分是什么?

如果您正在制定公司的战略,您将需要参与分析、解决问题、制定决策和领导变革。在制定战略方向或计划时,您将分析:

  • 商业机会和脆弱性
  • 每个想法或风险的可行性
  • 与您正在考虑的每项举措相关的成本
  • 各种策略有效的可能性
  • 使目标与总体计划保持一致的方法
  • 竞争对手、供应商、客户和新替代品的影响可能对您的战略计划产生影响

当您在规划过程中发现障碍时,您将通过以下方式解决问题:

  • 收集有关问题的相关信息
  • 从战略角度明确定义问题
  • 头脑风暴可能的解决方案
  • 想象进一步的挑战以及如何克服它们
  • 将此战略的各个部分委派给关键员工

战略思维需要敏捷和果断地选择计划并坚持下去。但是,您必须意识到新的、更有希望的机会。这是一致性和灵活性之间的平衡行为。您和您的团队将:

  • 确保通过深入研究做出明智的决定
  • 选择目标和伴随的指标
  • 优先目标
  • 遵循标准的决策过程
  • 必要时建立共识

经济学final代考案例:Introduction To Strategic Thinking ECON2070

Question A1 Find ALL subgame perfect equilibria of the following extensive for game with perfect information. Show your work.

ECON2070

Question A2 Consider the following claim: ”In every extensive form game with perfect information, every subgame perfect equilibrium is Pareto optimal (efficient).” Is this claim true or false? If it is true, then provide a proof. Otherwise provide a counterexample

Question B1. Alice and Bob work on a joint project. The project can either be difficult or easy, which Bob observes before making his choice. Alice, however, only knows that the project is difficult with 0.5 probability and is easy with 0.5 probability. Alice and Bob simultaneously decide whether to exert high effort or not. The cost of low effort is zero and the cost of high effort is 1 for each player. The utility of each player depends on whether the project is successful or not: if the project is successful, each player gets a benefit of 2 before subtracting his/her cost of effort. If the project is unsuccessful, each player gets zero before subtracting his/her cost of effort. If the project is difficult, the project is successful if and only if both agents exert high effort (in other words, it is unsuccessful if at least one agent exerts low effort). If the project is easy, the project is successful if at least one agent exerts high effort (in other words, it is unsuccessful if and only if both agents exert low effort)

(a) Model this problem as a Bayesian game. In your answer provide the payoff matrices.

(b) Solve for all Bayesian-Nash equilibria of this game (in pure and mixed strategies) Question B2 Find ALL separating perfect Bayesian equilibria of the following extensive form game with imperfect information.

ECON2070

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